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The Renaissance which took
place in the nineteenth century had the due reflections of each of its facets in the
culture of the House of the Tagores. One remarkable trend of this renaissance had been
religious reformation. Rammohan, a major apostle of this reawakening, had initiated a new
religious movement- the Brahmo faith - which cast off the Hindu idolatry and superstitions
and established anew the Upanishadic ethos and culture. There is a similarity between this
new religious thought and the monotheistic foundations of the Protestant Faith of the
European Renaissance. Debendranath indeed brought this new faith into his house.
Nationalism and the
patriotism which had been the offshoots of this Renaissance had their direct impact on the
culture of the Tagore House. The 'Hindu Mela' that was organised by Ganendranath Tagore in
1867 sought to promote patriotism as well as indigenous industry. Patriotic songs and
poems would be recited here. The first patriotic composition by Rabindranath was indeed
read out here.
The
Renaissance evinced ever new harvests in fields like literature, music and arts and a most
authentic picture of this efflorescence can be had on turning over the culture of the
Tagore House. On one side, the literary journal Bharati, which continued for long as an
enterprise by the House, came to be the very litter of seminal literary endeavours of the
nineteenth century as well as the twentieth. On the other side, a Movement of Drama as an
art-form outside the professional arena was shaping up around the stage set up at the
Jorasanko premises. The House of the Tagores, on account of this, was successful in
attaining an original style of theatrical art of its own. Thus Rabindranath emerged as the
choicest actor and playwright of his age, and if one were to look for a peer of his in
this it could be Jyotirindranath.
In the field of
music too, both Rabindranath and Jyotirindranath went on making innovative experiments.
Earlier Jyotirindranath and later Rabindranath exploited indigenous and foreign tunes
alike to produce outstanding musical compositions. Even the womenfolk of the House joined
them in this endeavour.
The House of the
Tagores also had a remarkable role in the proliferation of the art of painting. Two of
Rabindranath' s nephews, Gaganendranath and Abanindranath, ushered in a revolution in the
world of painting. The new form of art in painting which emerged at the premises of the
house earned the renown of 'The Bengal School'. Needless to say, it was Rabindranath who
brought about the most remarkable innovations in the paintings of the house.
The
nineteenth -century renaissance awakened not only the male psyche but also the psyche and
sensibility of women. Enlightenment reached the interior of the House of the Tagores as
well. Spread of education sparked off the movement of women' s liberty in the House and it
was spearheaded by Jnyanadanandini Devi, wife of Satyendranath (son of Debendranath).
Inspired by her husband she strode past the inner wings of the House and came out into the
open. Swarnakumari Devi, a daughter of the House, came up with creative and literary
writings just as Saraladevi Choudhurani got stirred up by patriotism and stood side by
side with the menfolk. It was as it were a scene of an all- out and all- round effort, on
the part of all the members of the House, at heralding in the modern era in Bengal. A
complete and all-round vision of nationalism played the prime mover of their minds and it
reflected itself in every aspect of their life-- dress and costumes, poetry, songs,
visuals, drama, religion, and patriotism.
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